In
1990 in Scholarship
Reconsidered: Priorities of the Professoriate Ernest Boyer
said the professoriate must "...break out of the tired old
teaching versus research debate and define, in more creative
ways, what it means to be a scholar." Lee Shulman, president
of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching,
adds that "viewing teaching as scholarly work is essential.
Teachers have to so open carry out their work in isolation
from their colleagues. The result is that those who engage
in innovative acts of teaching do not have many opportunities
to build upon the work of others… we seek to render
teaching public, subject to critical evaluation, and usable
by others in the field" as the work of the The Carnegie Academy
for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning.
Boyer again: "The
work of the professor becomes consequential only as it is understood
by others. . . When defined as scholarship. . . teaching both
educates and entices future scholars. Indeed, as Aristotle said,
'Teaching is the highest form of understanding.'"
In 1997, Glassick,
Huber, and Maeroff in Scholarship Assessed: Evaluation of
the Professoriate say that "In 1990, The Carnegie Foundation
published the report "Scholarship Reconsidered: Priorities of
the Professoriate," offering a new paradigm for recognizing the
full range of scholarly activity by college and university faculty.
Since then, campuses across the country have been reexamining
traditional ideas about scholarship against the new, more inclusive
vision we proposed-one that goes beyond research or, as we prefer
to call it, the scholarship of discovery, to encourage scholarship
in teaching, integration and application as well (p. 5)."
MountainRise is
a catalyst for such an understanding the convergence of teaching,
learning and scholarship for by the very meaning of scholarship,
the limitations of teaching in isolation, not learning about
the teaching of others, not having others review one's own teaching,
not accessing and contributing to a public body of knowing about
teaching & learning that is constantly open to evaluation
and revision are addressed and redressed.
Teaching and
teachers benefit from this new awareness that teaching, not only
disciplinary study, is a worthy subject for research in constructing
a public body of knowledge that is steadily reviewed and developed.
As Bender & Gray state, "More than simply a new term for
traditional tasks, the scholarship of teaching describes a new
concept of academic work. In the scholarly classroom, guided
by reflective practitioners, students are encouraged to become
speaking subjects, and teaching becomes the object of ceaseless
and generative" inquiry (The Scholarship of Teaching)
What is the
difference between scholarly teaching and the scholarship of
teaching & learning? Barbara Cambridge in an AAHE Bulletin
puts it this way:
Effective teaching
is the goal of most college professors. Whether they teach often
or infrequently, faculty members want their students to learn
and want to figure out how to help them do so. Faculty who wish
to explore the challenges in fostering student learning seek
feedback from students through classroom assessment; guidance
from local peers through reciprocal visits, joint course development
activities, or faculty development workshops; and insight from
disciplinary colleagues through reading literature about pedagogy
in their field. They become informed teachers who benefit from
the scholarship of others, and might be called "scholarly teachers".
As Pat Hutchings,
Carnegie senior scholar, and Lee Shulman, Carnegie's president,
point out in their article "The Scholarship of Teaching: New
Elaborations, New Developments" in the September/October 1999
issue of Change, however, the scholarship of teaching is something
else. They write that the scholarship of teaching is characterized
by "being public, open to critique and evaluation, and in a form
that others can build on. . . . It requires a kind of 'going
meta,' in which faculty frame and systematically investigate
questions related to student learning - the conditions under
which it occurs, what it looks like, how to deepen it, and so
forth - and do so with an eye not only to improving their own
classroom but to advancing practice beyond it." In other words,
faculty set out to do the scholarship of teaching and learning
not only to improve the teaching and learning in their own classroom
but also to improve teaching and learning beyond their local
setting by adding knowledge to - and even beyond - their disciplinary
field ("The Scholarship of Teaching and Learning: Questions
and Answers from the Field").
MountainRise views
teaching as serious intellectual work and seeks to make research
and writing on the work public, openly discussed and carefully
evaluated for the betterment of teaching, learning for all concerned. |